Part One

The site I chose for my botanical survey was Gallant Woods Park. The park was located 2151 Buttermilk Hill Rd Delaware, OH 43015.

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The site was crazy beautiful and was just all nature . I honestly never appreciated nature so much since I have taken this class. I am not just saying that because your grading my website but because for once I saw more then just tall trees and green plants surrounding me. I actually payed attention to the plants, insects as well as the animals around me .

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For example, there were caterpillars everywhere on the trails. If it was not for your class I wouldn’t be looking down trying to make sure I had no ticks on me and so happen seen caterpillars crawling all over the path.

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The site was broken up into five sections. The first section was the acorn trail. The Acorn section was the more woody part of the park where you could find tall trees everywhere . That is where I seen the caterpillars. The second section was the Pheasant Run Trail . This section was like the prairies of the park. The area was tall grass and random trees everywhere. While walking in the prairie I was walking and literally seen a mother duck with her duckling come across me. I mean I have seen geese in their babies all the way at grocery stores but I honestly do not know if I ever seen a duck and her ducklings before. They were just just minding their business walking around like a family trip. I thought it was the cutest and most interesting thing ever. I was on the phone because it was pretty late. I did not want to be out there alone therefore I was not able to capture that moment but I wish I did.

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The third section was the Tree-Frog Trail. The trail was a pathway and it linked to small water stream. They built a bridge over it. If you listen close enough you could here crickets and even frogs making there chirping noise. The fourth trail is the primitives’ trail that was connected to the wetlands of the park. I did not get the chance to go through the primitives’ trail because a group of people stopped me and told me they seen family foxes and the the ticks were everywhere. I really name never came across foxes before in person so I just decided to avoid that altercation. The last trail of the park was the farm connector trail. The Farm connector trail has special hours from the park. I was not able to go to the farm because I could not find a time that would work with my work schedule.

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Overall the park size was 231 acres peaceful and simple beautiful.

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Part Two. Flowers and Inflorescences (5)

NOTE: I’m really hoping reusing the same flowers for more then two categories is okay. My site was literally off green. The only floral plants that I actually found also happen to be most of my invasive plants.

1. My first inflorescent follower is Oxeye Daisy.

Scientific name :Leucanthemum Vulgare.

The Oxeye Daisy is this beautiful flower that has yellow center disc florets that are tubular and extremely small. I found the flower in the prairie area known as the pheasant run trail. I actually had to get off the trail to snap a picture of the daisy. You cannot really see in the picture but the daisy has separate 5 stamens and a pistil of 2 fused carpels. The leaves are alternated and pinnatifid towards the base of the flower. It has about 22-23 separate flowers. The Daisy has 22-23 sperate sepals I think this flower is syncarpous as well as epigynous. The flower symmetry would be radial and it is part of the Aster family. The flower inflorescence is capitulum.

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Source

https://uswildflowers.com/detail.php?SName=Chrysanthemum%20leucanthemum#:~:text=Chrysanthemum%20leucanthemum%20is%20a%20synonym%20for%20Leucanthemum%20vulgare%2C,the%20United%20States%20and%20almost%20all%20of%20Canada.

https://www.ediblewildfood.com/oxeye-daisy.aspx

My second flower is the Butter weed

Scientific name : Packera glabella

The Butter weed lobes leaves have an opposite orientation, . The lobes have serrated to toothed margins and the

leaves and stems are usually quite purple in color. The stems l are
hollow and grooved, and the entire plant is hairless. The flowers are similar to those of other species
in the Aster family, having ray on the outside of the flower and disk petals are located in the center. The flower is a beautiful bright yellow color in
color. The flower is also capitulum in my opinion because it has about 8-10 petals. I think the Butter weed flower is syncarpous as well as epigynous. The flower symmetry would be radial and it is part of the Aster family. I saw this plant outside of the acorn trail. It located right by the path entrance. My guess the flower inflorescence would be The flower inflorescence is capitulum.

Source

https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/7/3461/files/2014/04/Cressleaf_groundsel_article_-_p-zna9t9.pdf

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My third plant is the Celandine Poppy

Scientific name : Stylophorum diphyllum

Clearly my site was filled with all yellow flowers! The Celandine is this beautiful   4-petaled flower. The flower is pinnately lobed foliage is silvery below. Stems contain a bright yellow sap which was formerly used as a dye by Native Americans. The dark bluish-green leaves are double pinnate with rounded lobes – each leaf has 2-3 pairs of deep primary lobes and each of those lobes has shallow secondary lobes. The blossoms are borne in small clusters that look like umbels inflorescence . fluoresces. The stems are leafless except for a pair of opposite leaves subtending the inflorescence. The stems may have a purple base and are covered with fine hairs, giving them a bristly appearance.  Each 1-2” buttercup-like flower has four petal-like sepals . The true petals aren’t usual apparent. The flower has numerous, erect stamens with yellow anthers and the longer single style a yellow-green pistil with a stigma. The Flower belongs tp the butter cup family and have 4 to 6 petals, many stamens forming a conspicuous whorl in the center of the flower and an ovary of from 2 to many fused carpels.  Because it has 2 carpels the flower is is syncarpous as well as epigynous. I found this flower on the acorn trail in a middle of green plants. Sitting there was the celandine poppies.

Source

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=m450#:~:text=Stylophorum%20diphyllum%2C%20commonly%20called%20celandine%20poppy%2C%20is%20a,small%20clusters%20atop%20stems%20typically%20growing%2012-18%22%20tall.

Celandine Poppy, Stylophorum diphyllum

http://justfunfacts.com/interesting-facts-about-poppies/

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My fourth flower is common name Hosta

The scientific name is a Hosta Sieboldiana

I found this plant on the frog bath way. It was on a big hill once you cross over the little bridge that was placed over a little stream. The plant has 6 separate petals with 3 sepals and that also looks separate . The stamens are also clear separate and very wild. There sticking our of everywhere. You can see in the picture it has 6 stamens. It has 3 part pistil This plant I think is unicarpellate because it looks like it only have one carpel in the middle of the flower. The flower position is hypogynous and the symmetry would be possible radial. The plant belongs to the Asparagaceae family. The flower inflorescence is capitulum.

Source

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=248944

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosta

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My fifth flower is everyone child hood most common flower.

Scientific name is Taraxacum officinal

So the flower is usually yellow and extremely bright. The plants are located everywhere from your front lawn to every park you can think of. The flower belongs to the aster family because of it looks like one flower actually a cluster of much smaller flower. I remember because you always asked us that trick question. When the flower ripes it turns o a wish flower! At least that’s what I used to call them growing up. he flowers are followed by the distinctive globe-shaped seed heads. Each seed has a pappus, a feathery parachute of soft, white hairs that makes it easily carried by the wind. Each plant can produce up to 20,000 viable seeds. Capitulum flowers yellow (outermost often with grey or red streaks), tongue-like, tip 5-toothed. Stamens 5. Gynoecium composed of 2 fused carpels. Involucre bracts in 2 rows, inner bracts same length, erect, outer bracts shorter, usually spreading–descending .In basal rosette, stalked–stalkless. Blade usually elliptic–narrowly obovate , margin varyingly pinnate

Source

https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/dandelion-taraxacum-officinale/

https://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/en/kukkakasvit/dandelions

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Part Three Invasive plants

Like I mentioned earlier in the picture my flowers will repeat because that’s the only ones that really stood out at my site. I apologize for any repetition and the lost of creativity. I didn’t see anything that we cant repeat them in categories so I’m hoping its okay.

1. My first invasive plant is the bush honeysuckle that was found by pheasant walk right under the entrance sign.

 An invasive plant species is one that out-competes other plants for water, nutrients and sunlight, and can cause the death of other ornamentals. Japanese honeysuckle will spread over the ground and climb up trees, girdling the roots and eventually killing them. The berries they produce are also poisonous for the animals that live in the area with the plant

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If only a few small plants are present, they can be pulled, dug, cut, or mowed fairly easily. Pulling or digging of small plants is most effective if done following a rain and fairly easy since the plants are shallow rooted. Cutting and mowing is most effective when initiated in early summer when food reserves are at their lowest. In order to achieve control, pulling or digging must be done so that essentially every root is removed. Another method is the Foliar spraying is a method of control in which diluted herbicide is sprayed directly on the leaves of the targeted plant. Japanese honeysuckle is native to East Asia, including Japan and Korea

Source

https://homeguides.sfgate.com/dangers-honeysuckle-55100.html

https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/F-68

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My second invasive plant is butter weed.

The cheery yellow flowers of the buttercup are actually quite pretty, but the buttercup has an insidious nature, and will insert itself craftily into your landscape. The plant can be very difficult to control due to its habit of rooting at internodes and the long spidery roots that can re-sprout a new plant if left in the ground. Controlling buttercup weeds is important in livestock areas, where the plant is toxic, but also in the home garden unless you like a tumble of interlocked foliage covering up your chosen specimens. The plant contains an alkaloid called pyrrolizidine which causes liver damage. Cattle and horses who dine on this plant don’t just drop dead but decline in health and eventually can die.

Ways to control the flower to to dig it completely including the roots so the plants can stop growing over there.

Read more at Gardening Know How: Buttercup Control: How To Kill Unwanted Buttercup Weeds In Your Garden https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/weeds/how-to-kill-buttercup-weeds.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/weeds/how-to-kill-buttercup-weeds.htm

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https://www.thehypertufagardener.com/butterweed/

My third invasive flower is the oxye daisy.

Ox-eye daisy occurs primarily in disturbed moist habitats that receive at least partial sun.Ox-eye daisy is an aggressive invasive species. Once established, it can spread rapidly by means of roots and seeds into undisturbed meadows, woodlands, and riparian areas.Ox-eye daisy is difficult to control or eradicate, since a new plant can regenerate from rhizome fragments. Each flower head can produce up to 200 seeds that spread by wind or animals and remain viable in the soil for several years

You can control the plant removing it. Often after removal of the invasive species, there are no methods of preventing them from repopulating an area. In agriculture, after removing the invasive species from a plot of land, it is recommended to re-vegetate the plot with crops or non-invasive ground cover plants[1].

This will prevent the invasive species from repopulating the area due to the competition existing at the area.

Source

https://www.nps.gov/lavo/learn/nature/invasive-oxeye-daisy.htm

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My fourth invasive plant is poisin Ivy

Yes, poison ivy is considered to be a native invasive in certain situations. Poison Ivy is supposed to grow upward on trees, when growing upward it grows berries that feed birds and other wildlife. When it grows on the ground it is considered invasive as it will not produce any berries and becomes very opportunistic. We advise removing ground cover poison ivy but leaving the poison ivy that grows on your tree. However; if you are allergic or have kids that play around those trees we will advise that all poison ivy is removed from your property.

Poison Ivy I know effects people. It makes people break out and make them itch completely. Im sure is not good for the animals or the insects. The name itself just sounds invasive.

Source

Invasive Plants: Don’t Let Invasives Take Over Your Property

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My fifth invasive plant is the New York fern,

I know this is a stretch but I cannot find another invasive that I took from my sight and I don’t want to use a picture from another side .

erns grow everywhere, in shade and sun, and grow from rhizomes (no big surprise there). The other thing ferns do is use a form of chemical warfare called allelopathy to inhibit the growth of other plants in surrounding areas.

That is why you see them dominate shady woodland areas. The combination of their hardiness and shade tolerance coupled with having a chemical upper hand makes them the most dominant plant around.

Basically the New York fern is growing to rapidly an taking over the land from other plants. Its not a big problem right now but they technically do consider it a invasive plant.

To help control it is by digging it out and using pesticide but more importantly stop planting them.

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https://www.rootwell.com/blogs/invasive-perennials

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Part four wood plant fruits

I am going to be honest. I went to my site the first time and I literally forgot about this section. I took of two days of work so I can go back up there but it rained on both days… I tried to go in the rain but..it was actually raining not even drizzling. I don’t want to leave it blank completely. I am going to talk about the fruits we talked about in class. I wont post any pictures because I don’t want to be considered plagiarize but I don’t want to skip over this section completely.

I am hoping I get a couple points at least for trying to put something here but I know its my fault and literal bad timing. I plan going back out after the final to get woody fruits for the paper.

If I did come across a maple tree I would say I would identify the fruit by the samaras. The samaras look like leef folded in half with two seeds into of them.

If i did come across sweet gum i would notice the star shaped leaves and the the hard spiky fruit that everyone hate stepping on . I looked online it wikipedia says the fruit is a liquidambar syraciflu

If i did come cross red bud I would notice the the red pods that holds a seed.

If I came across bass wood I would notice the brown dried out leaf like that is attached to a stem that is carrying to small brown like structures.

If iIcame across ash fruit i might accidently mix it up with tree of heaven honestly. I probably would be able to see the difference because there stems on each pod on the ash tree.

Part five: Lichens and mosses

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